Same night the attack was deployed. Gallipoli has become a defining moment in the history of both Australia and New Zealand, revealing characteristics that both countries have used to define their soldiers: endurance, determination, initiative and 'mateship'. Cape Helles, Gallipoli, 1915, by Victor MacClure. And through a mistake made by the navy, we played into the Turk's hands beautifully. And Enver feared that if Britain, France and Russia won against Germany and Austria-Hungary, they might deprive Turkey of more of its empire. Gallipoli cost 8700 Australian dead and 19000 wounded. On 18 March 1915, a powerful naval force of British and French ships failed spectacularly in an attempt to force its way through the Dardanelles and threaten the Turkish capital, Constantinople (Istanbul). The story of Anzac has had an enduring effect on the way Australians see themselves. On 25 April 1915, the Anzacs landed around Ari Burnu on the western side of the Gallipoli peninsula with the loss of 5,000 casualties. The 29th British Infantry Division attempted to move into the land. Actually the fate at trenches changed when Mustafa Kemal addressed his soldiers with the words "I am not giving you an order to attack, I am ordering you to die!". In the face of the dogged resistance of the Turkish Straits Defense, Admiral De Robeck decided that nothing further could be done that day. At 05:30 am, a hellish fire was opened from the allied warships. Large numbers of the dead have no known grave. He moved those forces forward. Russia responded three days later, on November 2nd, by declaring war on Turkey. They landed at Ariburnu in the form of a surprise attack. However, for New Zealand, along with Australia and Turkey, the Gallipoli campaign is often claimed to have played an important part in fostering a sense of national identity. He met the commander of the 3rd corps at Maltepe from whom he received permission to deploy the entire 19th Division after explaining to him the situation. The 57th and 72nd Regiments forced the Anzacs to retreat further south from the Cesarettepe hill-top. A British royal commission later concluded that the operation had been ill-conceived. Fierce Anzac assaults on Ariburnu continued steadily and the fighting went on until the end of May. Mustafa Kemal was stationed at Edirne and Diyarbakir after the Canakkale wars and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on 1st April 1916. Each year on Anzac Day, New Zealanders (and Australians) mark the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings of 25 April 1915. The shocked Turkish people wondered who to blame for this disaster.